Erectile dysfunction & testosterone deficiency

Cared for by Dr William Akakpo

Erectile dysfunction is common, treatable and frequently the first visible sign of a wider vascular or hormonal problem. Difficulty obtaining or maintaining an erection shares its risk factors with cardiovascular disease and diabetes, which is why the assessment always looks beyond the symptom itself. Testosterone deficiency may coexist, causing fatigue, low mood, loss of libido and reduced muscle mass. Treatment is proposed step by step, from lifestyle and medication to surgery, and a solution exists for essentially every patient.

Symptoms and reasons to consult

  • Difficulty obtaining or maintaining an erection sufficient for intercourse
  • Loss of spontaneous night-time or morning erections
  • Reduced libido, fatigue, low mood or poor concentration
  • Loss of muscle mass, increased abdominal fat
  • Anxiety around sexual performance and its effect on the relationship

How we assess it

  • Detailed sexual, medical and medication history with validated questionnaires (IIEF)
  • Morning total and free testosterone, LH, FSH, prolactin
  • Metabolic screening: glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, blood pressure
  • Penile Doppler ultrasound after intracavernosal injection to measure arterial inflow and venous leak
  • Cardiovascular referral when the vascular findings warrant it

Treatment options

Medical therapy and risk factor management

Oral PDE5 inhibitors, correction of the contributing factors (smoking, sedentary lifestyle, diabetic control, sleep apnoea) and review of medications that impair erections. Dose and timing are adapted individually rather than prescribed generically.

Testosterone replacement

Where a genuine deficiency is confirmed on two morning samples, replacement is started with structured monitoring of haematocrit, PSA and symptoms. Fertility implications are always discussed before starting.

Shockwave therapy and injections

Low-intensity shockwave therapy can improve penile blood flow in selected patients with mild to moderate vascular dysfunction. Intracavernosal injection therapy remains highly effective and is taught in consultation.

Inflatable penile prosthesis

For men who no longer respond to medical treatment, a three-piece inflatable implant restores reliable, controlled and natural-feeling erections. Satisfaction rates for the patient and the partner exceed 90%, and the device is invisible when deflated.

Recovery and follow-up

  • Medical treatments require no downtime
  • Implant surgery: one night in hospital, drive after one week
  • Discomfort settles within two to three weeks
  • The device is activated in consultation at four to six weeks
  • Intercourse can usually be resumed at six weeks

Frequently asked questions

Is an implant a last resort?

It is the most effective treatment available, chosen once tablets and injections no longer work or are not tolerated. Many men regret only that they waited so long.

Will anyone be able to tell?

No. The pump sits in the scrotum and the reservoir behind the abdominal wall; the penis looks and feels normal when the device is deflated.

Does testosterone treatment cause prostate cancer?

Current evidence does not show that properly monitored replacement causes prostate cancer, but PSA and a prostate assessment are checked before and during treatment.